vim cheatsheet

$ which vim
/usr/local/bin/vim

$ vim --version | grep "clipboard"
+clipboard         +jumplist          +persistent_undo   +virtualedit
-ebcdic            -mouseshape        +statusline        -xterm_clipboard

<ESC>        # to normal mode
:q           # quit
shift z z    # quit
:wq / :x     # save and close
:qa          # close all
:q!          # close file, abandon changes

,w           # write (my Leader is ,)
,q           # quit

h j k l          # move one character

<C-U> / <C-D>    # move half page
<C-F> / <C-B>    # move one page

b / w            # previous / next word
e / ge           # previous / next end of word

0                # start of line
^                # start of line (after whitespace)
$                # end of line

gg               # first line
G                # Last line
:n               # to line n
nG               # to line n

zz               # center this line
H                # move to top of screen
M                # move to middle of screen
L                # move to bottom of screen

a       # append
A       # append on tail
i       # insert
I       # insert on head
o       # next line
O       # previous line
s       # delete char and insert
S       # delete line and insert
C       # delete until end of line and insert
r       # replace one character
R       # enter Replace mode

x       # delete character
dd      # delete line (cut)
yy      # yank line (copy)
p       # paste
P       # paste before

d       # delete
y       # yank (copy)
c       # change (delete then insert)
>       # indent right
<       # indent left
=       # auto indent
~       # swap case for current character
g~      # swap case
gU      # uppercase
gu      # lowercase
!       # filter through external program

cc           # delete line and to insert mode
dd           # delete line
yy           # copy line
guu/gugu     # lowercase all
gUU/gUgU     # uppercase all
g~~/g~g~     # swap case all
>>           # line right indent
<<           # line left indent
==           # line auto indent

p          # paragraph
w          # word
s          # sentence
[ ( { <    # a [], (), or {} block
b          # a block [(
B          # a block in [{
t          # a XML tag block
' " `      # A quoted string

fn          # find next n in this line
Fn          # find previous n in this line
tn          # till next n in this line
Tn          # till previous n in this line

/foo        # find foo
/foo\c      # find foo FOO (ignore case)

?foo        # find foo previous
?foo\c      # find foo FOO previous

n / N       # next / previous one

*           # find cursor word (foo -> foo but not foobar)
g*          # find cursor word (foo -> foo, foobar)

#           # find cursor word previous

:{range}s/{old}/{new}/{flag}

:s/foo/bar/g        # current line substitute
:%s/foo/bar/g       # all file
:'<,'>s/foo/bar/g   # visual mode selection
:5,12s/foo/bar/g    # line 5~12
:.,$s/foo/bar/g     # current line to end line
:.,+2s/foo/bar/g    # current line and next 2 lines

# flag: g(global) i(ignore case) c(need confirm)

:%s/foo/bar # replace once
:%s/foo/bar/i # same as :%s/foo\c/bar
:%s/foo/bar/gc # will popup confirm

# replace with bar (y/n/a/q/l/^E/^Y)?
# yes no all quit line ~

:set hls # highlight search
:set ic  # ignore case
:set is  # show partial matches for a search phrase
:set nu  # show line numbers
:set et|retab  # convert tabs to spaces

:set noic
:set nohls
:set nois
:set nonu
:set et|retab!

# example

yiw # yank inner word 'first'
# move cursor to 'second'
viwp # select 'second' and paste with 'first'
# move cursor to 'third'
viw"0p # select 'third' and paste with first

yiw # yank inner word 'first'
# move cursor to 'second'
ciw<C-R>0<ESC> # change 'second' replace with first
# move cursor to 'third'
. # repeat the operation

.    # repeat last change
u    # undo
<C-r> # redo

;    # line find repeat
,    # line find previous repeat

n    # find repeat
N    # find previous repeat

&    # substitute repeat
u    # undo

@{reg} # macro repeat

:reg     # show named registers and what's in them
"+y      # copy to system clipboard
"+p      # paste from system clipboard
p        # just paste for ""
"0p      # 0 always keep copyed

vim file1 file2 # open
:e[dit] file3   # open 

:ls, :buffers   # list buffers
:bn[ext]        # list next buffer
:bp[revious]    # list previous buffer
:b {number, expression}     # jump to buffer

:sb 3            # split window to open buffer 3
:vertical sb 3   # split vertical window to open buffer 3

vim -O file1 file2

:sp[lit] {file}     # horizontal split
:new {file}         # horizontal split
:vs[plit] {file}    # vertical split
:clo[se]            # close current window

Ctrl+w s        # split current window
Ctrl+w v        # split vertical current window
Ctrl+w q        # close current window
Ctrl+w n        # open new empty window
Ctrl+w o        # close all other window

Ctrl+w h        # left window
Ctrl+w j        # bottom window
Ctrl+w k        # up window
Ctrl+w l        # right window
Ctrl+w w        # traverse windows

Ctrl+w H        # move left window
Ctrl+w J        # move bottom window
Ctrl+w K        # move up window
Ctrl+w L        # move right window

Ctrl+w +        # increase height
Ctrl+w -        # decrement height
Ctrl+w =        # set same height

vim -p file1 file2 file3 # open in tabs

:tabe[dit] {file}   # edit specified file in a new tab
:tabc[lose]         # close current tab
:tabc[lose] {i}     # close i-th tab
:tabo[nly]          # close all other tabs (show only the current tab)

:tabn         # go to next tab
:tabp         # go to previous tab
:tabfirst     # go to first tab
:tablast      # go to last tab

gt            # go to next tab
gT            # go to previous tab
{i}gt         # go to tab in position i 

:echo @%                # src/file1
:echo expand('%:t')     # file1
:echo expand('%:p')     # /home/FaiChou/Desktop/Project/A/src/file1
:echo expand('%:p:h')   # /home/FaiChou/Desktop/Project/A/src
:echo expand('%:p:h:t') # src

# p(path) h(head) t(tail) 

:w %.bak        # backup current to current.bak
:e %:p:h/main.h # open current path's main.h
"%p             # insert current path

:!ls            # bash ls
:!rm foo.txt    # bash rm

ggvGy   # copy all
ggyG    # copy all
:%y     # copy all

dt"     # delete till next "
di(     # delete inner ()
da(     # delete a ()

yi"     # copy inner ""
ya"     # copy a "" (include "")
yaw     # copy a word
yas     # copy a sentense
yap     # copy a paragraph

ds"     # delete surround ""
cs"'    # change surrond " to '

:.,+9s/new/<C-R>0/g # replace new to regster0 from current to next 9 lines

:2,4j   # join line 2-4

# insert mode shortcuts
<C-W> # delete before cursor words
<C-[> # quit insert mode
<C-C> # quit insert mode
<C-R> 0 # insert copied
<C-N> n n n # auto complete
<C-P> p p p # auto complete
<C-J> # new line
<C-M> # new line

# Leader
let mapLeader = ","
nnoremap <leader>w :w<CR>
nnoremap <leader>q :q<CR>

# number plus and subtract

<C-a> # add 1
<C-x> # minus 1
10<C-a> # add 10

# macro

1. abc # cursor in 1, need insert zzz to 2
2. def
3. ghi
4. jkl

qa # start record, to register a
j # remove to next line
<C-a> # add 1
q # quit record
3@a # do macro 6 times

:'<,'>normal @a # macro in visual


# match block
%  # match ([{}])

?: toggle help

# File
o: open in prev window
go: preview
t: open in new tab
T: open in new tab silently
i: open split
gi: preview split

# Directory

o: open & close node
O: recursively open node
t: open in new tab
T: open in new tab silently
x: close parent of node
X: close all child nodes of current node recursively

# Filesystem

u: move tree root up a dir
U: move tree root up a dir but leave old root open
r: refresh cursor dir
R: refresh current root
m: Show menu


# Tree navigation

P: go to root 
p: go to parent
K: go to first child
J: go to last child

# Other

q: Close the NERDTree window
A: Zoom (maximize-minimize)

# rename.vim
:rename abc.js

# vim-mkdir
:e a/b/c/d.js (where you open vim)

# ctrlp
<c-d> toggle file or path search
<c-j>/<c-k>,<up>/<down>  switch
<enter>/<c-t> open / open in tab