2018.05.10

gitignore递归排除某类文件夹

问题描述

xcode-git-cant-ignore-all-xcodeproj-xcuserdata-folders

在一个rn项目中, 每次打开Xcode就会自动生成/修改一些xcuserdata/下文件, 将这些类型文件添加到ignore中也无效, 清除git缓存还是不行. 最终才发现是gitignore配置有问题.

Git支持:

匹配 node_modules 目录下但除去 node_modules/foo/ 的内容

node_modules/
!node_modules/foo/

匹配所有json文件(递归的!)

*.json

匹配当前目录下的json文件(子目录下无效)

/*.json

Git不支持这种类型的匹配规则: *.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/.

If the pattern does not contain a slash /, Git treats it as a shell glob pattern and checks for a match against the pathname relative to the location of the .gitignore file (relative to the toplevel of the work tree if not from a .gitignore file).

Otherwise, Git treats the pattern as a shell glob: ”*” matches anything except ”/”, ”?” matches any one character except ”/” and ”[]” matches one character in a selected range. See fnmatch(3) and the FNM_PATHNAME flag for a more detailed description.

A leading slash matches the beginning of the pathname. For example, ”/*.c” matches “cat-file.c” but not “mozilla-sha1/sha1.c”.

Two consecutive asterisks (”**”) in patterns matched against full pathname may have special meaning:

A leading ”” followed by a slash means match in all directories. For example, ”/foo” matches file or directory “foo” anywhere, the same as pattern “foo”. ”**/foo/bar” matches file or directory “bar” anywhere that is directly under directory “foo”.

A trailing “/” matches everything inside. For example, “abc/” matches all files inside directory “abc”, relative to the location of the .gitignore file, with infinite depth.

A slash followed by two consecutive asterisks then a slash matches zero or more directories. For example, “a/**/b” matches “a/b”, “a/x/b”, “a/x/y/b” and so on.

Other consecutive asterisks are considered invalid.

那么如果有很深的目录结构, 有许多要排除的xcuserdata/文件夹, 比如下面这个图, 如何处理呢? (要排除红色的文件夹下文件)

项目结构

Solution1

对每个路径下文件夹都添加各自的配置

ios/ECDeviceFile/Project/AddressBook/AddressBook/AddressBook.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/

Solution2

使用规则: MyPrject/WebApp/Scripts/special/**/*.js:

ios/**/*.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/

或者这样:

**/xcuserdata/

Solution3

在每个要排除.xcodeproj路径下一级添加独立.gitignore :

# in ios/ECDeviceFile/Project/AddressBook/AddressBook/AddressBook.xcodeproj/
xcuserdata/

.gitignore旧配置(关于Xcode部分)

### Xcode Patch ###
*.xcodeproj/*
!*.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
!*.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/
!*.xcworkspace/contents.xcworkspacedata
/*.gcno

*.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/

.gitignore新配置(关于Xcode部分)

### Xcode Patch ###
*.xcodeproj/*
!*.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
!*.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/
!*.xcworkspace/contents.xcworkspacedata
/*.gcno

*.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/

ios/ECDeviceFile/Project/AddressBook/AddressBook/AddressBook.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/
ios/ECDeviceFile/Project/AppModel/AppModel/AppModel.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/
ios/ECDeviceFile/Project/AppModel/CoreModel/CoreModel.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/
ios/ECDeviceFile/Project/BaseComponent/BaseComponent/BaseComponent.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/
ios/ECDeviceFile/Project/Board/Board/Board.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/
ios/ECDeviceFile/Project/Common/Common/Common.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/
ios/ECDeviceFile/Project/Dialing/Dialing/Dialing.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/
ios/ECDeviceFile/Project/FriendsCircle/FriendsCircle/FriendsCircle.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/
ios/ECDeviceFile/Project/FusionMeeting/FusionMeeting/FusionMeeting.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/
ios/ECDeviceFile/Project/Rest/Rest/Rest.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/
ios/ECDeviceFile/Project/UserCenter/UserCenter/UserCenter.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/

参考链接

PS.

* matches anything except /

为何官网说*可以匹配除/外所有字符, 但是*.json却能递归匹配?比如/a/b/c.json?

git遵循fnmatch.

用python验证通过的都可以匹配:

from fnmatch import fnmatch
pattern = "*.json"
files = ["a.json", "abc/.json", "a/b/c.json", "d/a.json"]

for file in files:
    print(file, fnmatch(file, pattern))

a.json True
abc/.json True
a/b/c.json True
d/a.json True
[Finished in 0.1s]

@FaiChou